Resources & Systems International, Inc.
Watershed Planning • Resources Management • Environmental Solutions • Ecological Risk Assessment

SA_MAPS Stream - Aquifer Management and Planning Simulator Resources and Systems International, Inc. (RASI) has developed a Stream -Aquifer Management and Planning Simulator (SA_MAPS), to assist in the investigation, management and planning of the urban and/or rural watersheds. The SA_MAPS can accurately mimic the complex dynamic interactions between surface water bodies including streams, channels, and estuaries, and the associated multiaquifer groundwater systems. SA_MAPS allows use of isoparametric and/or rectangular prism elements to accurately represent natural physical boundaries and the spatial distribution of the material and recharge boundaries. SA_MAPS includes the following state - of - the - art modules: Two dimensional depth integrated finite element module to simulate surface water flow in streams, and tide induced flow in estuaries, harbors and bays. Equations of momentum, and mass conservation are solved incorporating effect of turbulent shear, wind shear, bed shear, and rotating earth. One dimensional finite difference channel flow module to simulate rapidly and/or gradually varied flow with subcritical and/or supercritical flow conditions. Flux splitting based scheme in SA_MAPS allows for automatic switching of the space differences as the flow conditions change (subcritical « supercritical). One/two/three dimensional finite element module to simulate fate and multispecies transport in surface water bodies. SA_MAPS incorporates convection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biodegradation kinetics, and other source/sink options. Specified concentration, mixed flux boundary conditions, and source/sink conditions can be specified. Two/three dimensional finite element module to model sediment transport in surface water bodies including channels, streams, estuaries, and harbors. Based on the sediment characteristics, flow conditions, and particle fall velocities, SA_MAPS estimates spatial distribution of bed shear velocities and sediment mixing (diffusion) coefficients, and solves mass-balance equation to simulate the bed load and suspended load transport. Options are available to specify bed reference concentrations or upward sediment fluxes as a function of the near-bed hydraulics and sediment parameters. Sediment concentration distribution and/or mass fluxes can also be specified at the inflow and/or outflow boundaries. Two dimensional multiphase (fresh-water, and sea-water) finite element module to investigate sea-water intrusion in composite (confined and/or unconfined) coastal aquifers. The interface position, fresh-water and sea-water heads, and fresh-water fluxes from the outflow boundary to the ocean can be predicted accurately. Irregular coastal boundaries can be accurately represented with isoparametric finite elements. Two/three dimensional finite element module to simulate transient groundwater flow in multiaquifer systems. Groundwater flow in heterogeneous and anisotropic aquifers can be simulated. Specified head and flux boundary conditions, and source/sink conditions can be specified. Two/three dimensional finite element module to simulate fate and multispecies transport in groundwater under complex physical, biological, and chemical conditions. SA_MAPS incorporates convection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, and several biodegradation kinetics. Specified concentration, mixed boundary conditions, and source/sink conditions can be specified. Three dimensional finite element module to model multiphase flow (water, oil, and gas) in complex multiaquifer system. All features of the single phase flow module (explained above) are available. Link modules (in progress) compute the interaction between the surface water bodies and groundwater. The spatial and temporal distribution of water fluxes, and species' mass transfer rates between surface and groundwater systems are updated continuously.